瑞士苏黎世理工学院细胞生物研究所,英国牛津大学内分泌与新陈代谢牛津糖尿病研究中心等处的研究人员发现了一种调节胰岛素分泌和血糖内环境的新路径。相关成果公布在最新一期的Cell上,为本期Cell的封面文章。
一般来说,胰岛素分泌细胞胰岛β细胞功能丧失是糖尿病的一个典型的判断标准。在本研究中,研究者发现小鼠缺乏细胞分裂素(丝裂原)活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase ,MAPK)p38δ具有增强血糖耐受的能力,主要原因是缺乏MAPKp38δ导致胰腺β细胞分泌胰岛素的功能亢进。
研究发现缺失p38δ可显著的激活蛋白激酶D(Protein kinase D,PKD),先前的研究发现PKD是调节β细胞向外分泌胰岛素的中枢调节因子。P38δ能催化抑制PKD1的磷酸化作用,借此减弱胰岛素的分泌活性。
此外,研究人员发现,将小鼠的p38δ基因删除可有效地阻止过度肥胖的小鼠发生胰岛素耐受的现象,并保护小鼠不受氧化压力介导的β细胞分泌抑制作用。对p38δ缺陷型和糖耐受的小鼠而言,如果抑制PKD1可增强胰岛素的分泌活性。
总的来说,p38δ-PKD通路是调节胰岛素分泌活性与胰腺β细胞存活的关键信号转导通路,在糖尿病的致病机理中该通路的功能与糖尿病致病有着紧密的关联,是关键的影响因素.
【Summary】
Dysfunction and loss of insulin-producing pancreatic cells represent hallmarks of diabetes mellitus. Here, we show that mice lacking the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38δdisplay improved glucose tolerance due to enhanced insulin secretion from pancreatic cells. Deletion of p38δ results in pronounced activation of protein kinase D (PKD), the latter of which we have identified as a pivotal regulator of stimulated insulin exocytosis. p38δ catalyzes an inhibitory phosphorylation of PKD1, thereby attenuating stimulated insulin secretion. In addition, p38δ null mice are protected against high-fat-feeding-induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress-mediated cell failure. Inhibition of PKD1 reverses enhanced insulin secretion from p38δ-deficient islets and glucose tolerance in p38δ null mice as well as their susceptibility to oxidative stress. In conclusion, the p38δ-PKD pathway integrates regulation of the insulin secretory capacity and survival of pancreatic cells, pointing to a pivotal role for this pathway in the development of overt diabetes mellitus. |